Climate change and its impacts in rural areas of Pakistan: a Literature review

Abstract

Pakistan, which is located in Southeast Asia, is one of the nations that is most susceptible to the effects of climate change, as seen by the increased frequency of floods and droughts. Variations in climate have a negative impact on a number of areas, such as the agricultural industry, groundwater levels, dietary resources, soil quality and organic matter content, public health, and poverty rates. This study's main goal is to evaluate the impact of climate change and the adaptations farms have made in response to variations in precipitation and temperature. Pakistani farmers have responded to climate change by implementing a variety of adaptive techniques. These tactics include changing the way that fertilizer is used, changing crop varieties, using pesticides, improving seed quality, diversifying the farm, planting shade trees, changing irrigation techniques, engaging in off-farm activities, and migrating both permanently and temporarily. As an additional adaptive step, some farmers have turned to asset sales. Additionally, research indicates that agricultural households in wetland areas experience less volatility in climate than those in arid regions.